Whether we like it or not, error messages are part of our lives. The other day, I faced one of those little horrid yellow messages. For me, it's impossible to stay chill when I see that message. For a second, I feel alarmed and panicked. Let me show you what I'm talking about.
The first column is the customer code, quite self-explanatory. The Registration Date column shows the date when the customer registered to my shop. The First Sale Date column shows the date when the customer bought something for the first time. And this is what I'm trying to see in the Sales Day column: If Registration Date and First Sale Date are the same, meaning customer bought something at the same day customer registered to my shop, print "First Day", otherwise show the data of First Sale Date column. But computer says no! It says "Expressions that yield variant data-type cannot be used to define calculated columns." If I need to translate it in simplified English, it means: There can't be data with different data-types in one column. I get the error because "First Day"'s data type is string, whereas the data type of First Sale Date column is date. If the data type of my Sales Day column is going to be text, then it can't show date values, if it's going to be date, then it can't show text value. In this situation, I have no other choice but to choose a data type that can show both values. How am I going to do it then?
This is how it's solved. The data type that can show both date and text is text. What I've done in the formula is: 1. Convert the data types of Registration Date and First Sale Date columns from date to text 2. If Registration Date and First Sale Date are the same, print "First Day", otherwise show the data of First Sale Date column. It was a successful operation and this time my formula worked.
My next question is how can we do it in SQL? Actually, we have three different ways to do it in SQL by using FORMAT, CAST and CONVERT functions. Below is the code which is not going to work.
UPDATE
CUSTOMERS
SET SalesDay =
(CASE WHEN RegistrationDate = FirstSaleDay
THEN 'First Day'
ELSE FirstSaleDay
END)
And this is SQL'S way of saying that tere can't be data with different data-types in one column.
Both error messages look different from each other but they are complaining about exactly the same issue.
To enter data in SalesDayFORMAT, SalesDayCONVERT, and SalesDayCAST columns, I've used these formulas:
UPDATE
CUSTOMERS
SET SalesDayFORMAT =
(CASE WHEN FORMAT(RegistrationDate, 'yyyy-MM-dd')
= FORMAT(FirstSaleDay, 'yyyy-MM-dd')
THEN 'First Day'
ELSE FORMAT(FirstSaleDay, 'yyyy-MM-dd')
END
UPDATE
CUSTOMERS
SET SalesDayCONVERT =
(CASE WHEN CONVERT(VARCHAR,RegistrationDate, 121) = CONVERT(VARCHAR,FirstSaleDay, 121)
THEN 'First Day'
ELSE CONVERT(VARCHAR, FirstSaleDay, 121)
END)
UPDATE
CUSTOMERS
SET SalesDayCAST =
(CASE WHEN CAST(RegistrationDate AS VARCHAR)
= CAST(FirstSaleDay AS VARCHAR)
THEN 'First Day'
ELSE CAST(FirstSaleDay AS VARCHAR)
END)
All of them give the same result but which one should we
prefer? Well, Microsoft says: 'Use the FORMAT function for locale-aware
formatting of date/time and number values as strings. For general data type
conversions, use CAST or CONVERT.' Format function offers more flexibility than
others. While CONVERT and FORMAT accept an optional style parameter, CAST
doesn't give that option. What makes CAST preferable is it's easier to read.
That's it. These are our options to solve the problem. I
don't know you, but I would stick with Microsoft's advice and use FORMAT if I had
faced the issue in SQL. What would you do? If you have any other idea or feel
like sharing what do you think, please comment below.
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